FRANK CADOGAN COWPER - IJDELHEID 1919 prerafaëliet Canvas Afdruk

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝑪𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓 (𝑩𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒉, 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟕-𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟖) - 𝑽𝑨𝑵𝑰𝑻𝒀 - 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟗 - 𝑹𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒎, 𝑷𝒓𝒆-𝑹𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆 - 𝑭𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝑷𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒕, 𝑺𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎 - 𝑶𝒊𝒍 𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒔 - 𝑯𝒊-𝑹𝒆𝒔 𝑫𝒊𝒈𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝑹𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝑽𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 --------------------------𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝑪𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓 (𝑩𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒉, 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟕-𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟖) 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 "𝑽𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚," 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒐𝒊𝒍-𝒐𝒏-𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒔 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟗, 𝒂 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝑹𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒔𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒆-𝑹𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒎𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕. 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒚, 𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒚 𝒂 𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒖𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒔, 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒃𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒄 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑰𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒅, 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒛𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒘𝒆𝒓. 𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒎𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒅, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒊𝒔𝒏'𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒏𝒕, 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇-𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑨𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒍 𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆, 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒓 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒘𝒍—𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒍𝒚 𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒆—𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒈𝒐𝒍𝒅 𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒂 𝒘𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒌 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒍𝒂𝒚, 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆. 𝑨 𝒇𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒍𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒐𝒍𝒅-𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒌, 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒇𝒆𝒆𝒕, 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒛𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒖𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒊𝒓𝒆. 𝑷𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏 𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒇𝒂, 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒐𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒇𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒚, 𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒄𝒆, 𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒅 "𝑽𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚," 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒖𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒖𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅 𝒍𝒊𝒌𝒆 𝒂 𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒕𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏, 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒇𝒖𝒍𝒍𝒚 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒅, 𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇-𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒖𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒗𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆. 𝑯𝒆𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒛𝒆, 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒖𝒏𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈, 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒐𝒃𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒓, 𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒔. 𝑨 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒐𝒖𝒔𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒓𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒂𝒓𝒎, 𝒂 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇-𝒂𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑰𝒕 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒔 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒐𝒏𝒍𝒚 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒉𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒚 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒏𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒄𝒌𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒍𝒆𝒅𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒘𝒏 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒆𝒏𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆— 𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒍 𝒏𝒆𝒄𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂 𝒍𝒖𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒐𝒖𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒓 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒘𝒍 𝒃𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆 𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒍𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈, 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒈𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒈𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒏-𝒉𝒖𝒆𝒅 𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒔𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒘𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒑𝒆𝒔 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒏 𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒍𝒖𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒚, 𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒑𝒉𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑨 𝒇𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒍𝒚 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒉𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒂𝒅𝒅𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒐𝒖𝒄𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚, 𝒆𝒏𝒉𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒊𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒖𝒃𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒎. 𝑨𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒄𝒌𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒏 𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒆𝒅 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒌 𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒚, 𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝒖𝒓𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒎𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒆𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒆, 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒖𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒖𝒏𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒕𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒚𝒂𝒍. 𝑰𝒏 "𝑽𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚," 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒂 𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒓𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑰𝒕 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒆𝒙𝒑𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒚, 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒅𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒔𝒆𝒍𝒇-𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚, 𝒊𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒖𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝒘𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏 𝒘𝒉𝒐 𝒆𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒅𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒆𝒏𝒊𝒈𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎 𝒘𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒐 𝒆𝒂𝒄𝒉 𝒅𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒍 𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆𝒙 𝒏𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆, 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓'𝒔 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒂𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈. 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒚, 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒊𝒕𝒍𝒆𝒅 "𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒖𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒔" 𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟕, 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓, 𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟗 𝒐𝒊𝒍-𝒐𝒏-𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒗𝒂𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏. 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓'𝒔 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆 𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒔 𝒃𝒆𝒚𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒐𝒊𝒍 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈, 𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒍𝒐𝒓. "𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒖𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒔" 𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒗𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓'𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒄𝒓𝒂𝒇𝒕, 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒎𝒔. 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝑪𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓, 𝒃𝒐𝒓𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟕, 𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒅 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒘𝒉𝒐𝒔𝒆 𝒘𝒐𝒓𝒌 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒆-𝑹𝒂𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝑩𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒉𝒐𝒐𝒅. 𝑰𝒏𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒅 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒇𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒍𝒚 𝒃𝒚 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒕𝒎𝒐𝒔𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒔𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒕𝒕𝒊, 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒏𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒈𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝒃𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒄 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒓𝒐𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒄. 𝑯𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒑𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒙𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆𝒔, 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒔𝒊𝒍𝒌𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒕𝒐 𝒘𝒂𝒓𝒎 𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒉 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒔, 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒘𝒄𝒂𝒔𝒆𝒔 𝒂 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒔𝒔. 𝑰𝒏 𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆, "𝑽𝒂𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒚" 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕 "𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒀𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒖𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒔" 𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒆𝒙𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓'𝒔 𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒕𝒐 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒔𝒎, 𝒂𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒃𝒆𝒂𝒖𝒕𝒚, 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒉𝒏𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒔 𝒑𝒊𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 𝒃𝒓𝒊𝒅𝒈𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒍𝒚 𝟐𝟎𝒕𝒉 𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒚, 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒌 𝑪𝒂𝒅𝒐𝒈𝒂𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒘𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒖𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆.